Direct Pumping

In the direct pumping system, the treated water, instead of pumping to the service or distribution reservoir, is straight pumped to the distribution mains. Hence, storing of treated water is not needed anywhere in the system. Since supply is done directly to the distribution mains and services, high lift pumps are required to overcome the friction losses at different stages and to have some residual head at distribution points so that water may rise at higher storeys of buildings. Since water demand varies, the high lift pumps are required to be run at variable speed to meet water requirement at different time periods. Due to variable speed, the pumps do not work at their maximum efficiency. Hence, the system is not so economical. At the same time, continuous monitoring of pumps is required. Repair and maintenance cost also goes high. The advantage of the system is that the additional cost of constructing distribution reservoir is saved. In case of power failure, either additional cost of generators is to be borne with or there is interruption in supply. Another benefits in this system is in which at the time of fire break-out, large quantity of water at higher rate may be obtained. The system is suitable for small areas.