Layout Of Distribution System

System

The distribution pipe system consists of mains, sub-mains, branches, lateral and finally service connections. Pipes except a service connection are usually made of cast iron with some type of coating to avoid rusting, whereas for service connections galvanised cast iron pipes are used. In large cities, the area is divided into several zones and each zone has separate distribution reservoir or tank. In smaller towns, the distribution mains mostly start from the treatment plant and distribute water through different branches and laterals.

Distribution pipes are laid on one side of the road, but in thickly populated areas along with wider roads, a subsidiary lateral is given on the other side of the road and the lateral are cross-connected to the main at suitable intervals. Since distribution pipes are mostly laid along the road, below the footpath, their layout commonly follow the layouts of the road. It’s depending upon local conditions and orientation of roads, any of the following patterns of layouts is adopted singly or in combination.

(a)    Dead end or tree system.
(b)    Grid system or reticular system.
(c)    Ring or circular system.
(d)    Radial system.