Tensile (Load) Tests and Stress- Strains Curves:

For determine the load-carrying ability and the amount of deformation before fracture, a sample of material is generally tested through a Tensile Test. This test contains of applying a gradually raising force of tension at one end of a sample length of the material. Another end is anchored in a rigid support so in which the sample is slowly pulled apart. A testing machine is equipped along with a device to denotes, and possibly record, the magnitude of the force by the test. Concurrent measurements are made of the increasing length of a selected portion at the middle of the specimen, known as the gage length. The measurements of both load and elongation are ordinarily discontinued shortly after plastic deformation begins; therefore, the maximum load reached is always recorded. Fracture point is the point while the material fractures because of plastic deformation. Following the specimen has been pulled apart and erased from the machine, a fractured ends are fitted together and measurements are made of the now- extended gage length and of the average diameter of the minimum cross section. An average diameter of the minimum cross section is measured just if the specimen used is cylindrical.