Summary

After treatment of wastewater, sludge is treated. In the sludge thickening process, moisture content of sludge is reduced to reduce the volume of sludge. Sludge also contains very large number of pathogens and to reduce it, sludge stabilization is carried out. Sludge dewatering is required before final disposal of sludge. To enhance dewatering characteristics of sludge, conditioning is required. The final volume of sludge can be greatly reduced by thermal reduction.

Effluent of treatment plant can be reused for irrigation, industrial and recreational purposes otherwise it can be disposed off into rivers, lakes and/or sea.