Normal permissions

Every file or directory has permission which applies to one of three categories of user:

u          -   Tthe user who owns the file

g          -   Tthe group to that the file belongs

o          -   Eeverybody else

For all of the users, a file or directory has three categories of permissions:

r          -    Read the file or directory

w         -    Write to (or remove) directory or the file

x          -    Execute the list or file the directory

Every of these permissions can be listed as 9 characters, listed through user, group and others as shown below:

Octal & Symbolic Notations

Table

Let consider the following instance to recognize the mode permission for files or directories

The "ls "command can be used to display the current permissions of a file or directory:

ls -l filename

-or-

ls -ld directories

This shows the filename (or directory) in a one line summary as display below:

-rwxr-xr-x        1 radiant          684 May          1 11:37 text.txt

-or-

drwxr-xr-x       2 radiant          513 May          1 11:37 bbl