Errors in Traversing:

In a closed traverse, errors of traversing may creep in due to any or all of the errors described above. The closed traverse is obtained by a circuiting network of survey lines (Figure (a)) running between main stations located at salient positions all along the periphery of the plot to be surveyed. If all the lengths of the sides of the polygon are calculated accurately, the traverse polygon should close, e.g. the starting station and end station should coincide. Therefore, since of errors introduced in the measurements, there will be difference among the computed value and geometric values and the originating station will not coincide along with end station. This is called as closing error. A closing error could be distributed evenly or according to the magnitude of each length.

Since angles are also measured within most of the traverse surveying like chain and compass survey, a better way of adjusting the closing error is through adjusting the interior angles of traverse polygon.