Specific Ionization:

Specific ionization is which number of ion pairs generated per centimeter of travel by matter. Given Equation will expresses this relationship.

Specific Ionization = ion pairs produced/ path length            

Specific ionization is dependent on the mass, energy, charge, of the particle then the electron density of matter.  Greater the mass of a particle then the more interactions it generates within a given distance. A larger number of interactions conclusion within the production of more ion pairs and a higher specific ionization.

A particle's charge has the greatest effect on specific ionization. Higher charge raises the number of interactions that occur in a provided distance.  Increasing the number of interactions generates more ion pairs, thus increasing the specific ionization.

As the energy of a particle reduces, it generates more ion pairs for the similar amount of distance traveled.  Consider of the particle as a magnet.  Since a magnet is passed over a pile of paper clips then the magnet attracts the clips. Manage the similar distance from the pile and vary the speed of the magnet. Remember in that the slower the magnet is passed over the pile of paper clips and the more clips become attached to the magnet. The similar is true of a particle passing through a group of atoms at a provided distance.  The slower a particle travels then the more atoms it affects.