Voltammograms:

For reversible reactions, a larger pulse is used so that its size is great enough for the oxidation of the product formed in the forward reaction occurs during the reverse phase. The forward pulse gives the cathodic current i₁, while the reverse phase gives the anodic current i₂ and the difference between these two ?i = i₂ - i₁ is plotted to give the voltammograms.  This difference is directly proportional to the concentration; the potential at the peak corresponds to the E½. It is possible to increase the precision of the analysis by signal averaging data from several voltammetric scans. Detection limits for square wave voltammetry are reported to be 10^-7 to 10^-8 M.

The peak current in this technique is given by

  i_p = kn² D ½  ?E_AC_a                                                                                           

where, i_p = peak current, k = constant, n = number of exchanged electrons, D = diffusion coefficient of analyte, ?E_A = Pulse amplitude, and c_a = concentration of the analyte.