Introduction to pressurizer:
There are two categories of pressurizers: dynamic and static. A static pressurizer is a partially filled tank along with a required amount of gas pressure trapped within the void area. A dynamic pressurizer is a tank in that its saturated environment is controlled by use of heaters (to control temperature) and sprays (to control pressure).
This theory focuses on the dynamic pressurizer. A dynamic pressurizer utilizes a controlled pressure containment to keep high temperature fluids from boiling, even while the system undergoes abnormal fluctuations.
Before discussing the reason, construction, and operation of a pressurizer, a few preliminary information about fluids will prove helpful.
The evaporation procedure is one in that a liquid is converted within a vapor at temperatures below the boiling point. All the molecules within the liquid are continuously in motion. Molecules which move most quickly possess the greatest amount of energy. That energy occasionally escapes from the surface of the liquid and moves within the atmosphere. While molecules move within the atmosphere, the molecules are in the gaseous, or state, vapor.
Liquids at a high temperature have more molecules escaping to the vapor state, since the molecules could escape just at higher speeds. The space above the liquid becomes saturated with vapor molecules if the liquid is in a closed container, although a few of the molecules return to the liquid state as they slow down. The comeback of a vapor to a liquid state is known as condensation. While the amount of molecules which condense is equivalent to the amount of molecules which evaporate, there is a dynamic equilibrium among the liquid and the vapor.
Pressure exerted on the surface of a liquid through a vapor is known as vapor pressure. Vapor pressure raise along with the temperature of the liquid until it reaches saturation pressure, at that time the liquid boils. While a liquid evaporates, it loses its main energetic molecules and the average energy per molecule within the system is lowered. This causes a reduction within the temperature of the liquid.
Boiling is the activity observed inside a liquid while it modifies from the liquid phase to the vapor phase by the addition of heat. The word saturated liquid is used for a liquid which exists at its boiling point. Water at 212oF and standard atmospheric pressure is an instance of a saturated liquid.
Saturated steam is steam at the similar temperature and pressure since the water from that it was established. In the form of a saturated liquid it is water, to which the latent heat of vaporization has been added. While heat is added to a saturated steam which is not in contact along with liquid, its temperature is raised and the steam is superheated. A temperature of superheated steam, expressed as degrees above saturation, is known as degrees of superheat.