Structure:
Alkyl halides contain an alkyl group related to a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) by a single (σ) bond. The carbon atom related to the halogen atom is sp3 hybridized and has a tetrahedral geometry along with bond angles of about 109?. The carbon-halogen bond length rises with the size of the halogen atom and this is related with a decrease in bond strength. For instance, C-F bonds are shorter and stronger as compared to the C-Cl bonds.
Bonding
The carbon-halogen bond (considered to as C-X from here on) is a bond. The bond is polar because the halogen atom is much more electronegative than carbon, resultant in the halogen being slightly negative and the carbon being slightly positive. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding / ionic bonding is not possible among the alkyl halide molecules and the main intermolecular bonding force contains weak van der Waals interactions.