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Glycogen:

A glycogen molecule consists entirely of glucose units, many of that are connected in long chains through α1-4 bonds.  Moreover,  every  10  units  or  so,  the  chain  is branched  through the Formation  of an α1-6  glycosidic  bond. Each straight- chain segment of glycogen establish an open helix conformation that increases its accessibility to the enzymes of glycogen metabolism.  Every chain terminates in a nonreducing end, which is, an end with a free 4′ OH group. Because the enzyme which degrades glycogen (glycogen phosphorylase) catalyzes the sequential erased of glycosyl units from the nonreducing end of a glycogen chain the numerous branches, each with a nonreducing end, greatly raise the accessibility of the polysaccharide to degradation.  This permits rapid mobilization of stored glycogen in times of required. The α1-6 branches themselves are erased through a debranching enzyme.

1531_Glycogen.png

Figure:   The  1-4 linkages in the straight chain and   1-6 branchpoint linkages in glycogen.

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