Linearity Principle

In this method we suppose the unknown quantity & analyze the circuit in reverse manner. Still we attain the source which is generating all voltages or currents and compute its value.

Now by comparing this value along with the main value of the source we determine the precise unknown quantity of any circuit.

Example:  Determine Vo by using linearity principle.

Sol:

            We have to calculate Vo via linearity principle. Let us suppose that Vo is equal to 1 Volt.

            From  assumption  V_o=1V

                                    So, V₂=1V

                                    And so I₂=1/2k=0.5mA

                                              And, V_4k= (0.5m)(4k)=2Volts

Now we can say                V₁=V_4k+V₂= 2+1= 3V

                                    After that, I₁=3/3k=1ma

                                    and, I_s=I₂+I₁=0.5m+1m=1.5mA

                                                V_2k=I_s(2k)=2k(1.5m)=3Volts

                                                  V_s=V_2k+V₁=3+3=6Volts

            While V_o is equal to 1, source voltage is 6V, but original source voltage is 12 V, thus output voltage is 2 Volts.