Compaction

Compaction is carried out in many ways which might involve the addition of a binder or lubricant & application of pressure. Sintering is densification of assembled particles at high temperature. The densification takes place by diffusion processes. The diffusion takes place over a long time & needs high temperature yet attaining impervious mass is complicated. Most ceramics except oxides might be attacked by atmospheric oxygen throughout sintering therefore a protective atmospheric might become necessary.