Geomagnetic field

The earth has the core largely made up of iron, heated to the extent that some of it is liquid. As the earth rotates, iron flows in the complex ways. It is considered that this flow is responsible for the huge magnetic field that surrounds the earth. The sun has the magnetic field, as does the whole Milky Way galaxy. These fields MAY have originally magnetized the earth.

Geomagnetic poles and axis

The geomagnetic field, as it is called as, has poles, just like bar magnet does. These poles are near, and not at, the geographic poles. The north geomagnetic pole is situated in the frozen island region of the northern Canada. The south geomagnetic pole is near Antarctica. The geomagnetic axis is tilted relative to the axis on which the earth rotates. Not only this, but it does not run through the center of earth. It is like an apple core that is off center.