Column temperature:
The distribution constant (Kc) is extremely temperature dependent. Within most cases, a raise of 30°C will halve the Kc and therefore, double the rate of solute migration. The most immediate effect of temperature raise is a decrease in analysis time as display in Figure.
Figure: Retention time vs temperature
Commonly, resolutions could be improved through lowering the temperature. In the general case, temperature is chosen through compromise not so high as to impair resolution and not so low as to cause long retention times. Within selecting column temperature, one must also keep in mind the maximum and minimum operating temperatures of a liquid phase being used. Operating temperature should be above the melting point of the liquid phase in sequence for it to function effectively.