Summary

In levelling, you have studied about one of the important aspects of surveying, i.e. levelling. The objective of levelling is to determine an associative height of points of interest on the earth's surface. Levelling includes measurement of distances in a vertical plane, which is done with the help of a level and a levelling staff. There are different kinds of level and levelling staff, which are used for levelling work. Step by step process of levelling exercise is explained. Different methods of levelling have been discussed along with methods of reduction of levels. Contouring and features of contours are explained. Different types of errors in levelling, their cause and remedial measures are also explained.