Ionization Chamber:

The simple ionization chamber display in Figure could also be utilized for the detection of gamma rays.  Because the ammeter is sensitive just only to electrons, gamma rays must interact along with the atoms in air among the plates to release electrons.  Gamma rays interact through compton scattering, photoelectric effect and pair production.  Every of these interactions cause a few, or all, of the energy of the incident gamma rays to be converted within the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons.  The ejected electrons move at extremely high speeds and cause other electrons to be ejected from their atoms.   All of these electrons could be collected through the positively charged plate and measured through the ammeter.

The plates in an ionization chamber are generally enclosed in metal, as display through Figure that was given below.

Figure: Ionization Chamber

This metal chamber serves to shield the plates from outside electric fields and to hold the air or other gas.  Gamma rays have extremely little trouble in penetrating the metal walls of the chamber. Alpha particles and Beta particles, therefore, are stopped through the metal wall.  To alpha and beta particles to be detected, a few means that must be given for a thin wall or "window."   This window must be thin sufficient for the alpha and beta particles to penetrate.  Therefore, a window of almost a thickness will avoid an alpha particle from entering the chamber.