Auxiliary Equipment:

In addition to chain or tape, various other auxiliary equipment is needed in a chain surveying exercise. These are listed in following paragraphs.

Arrows

Arrows or chain pins, as these are known as sometime, are made of stout steel wire 4 mm in diameter, 400 to 450 mm long and black enameled. Those are used to mark the end of every chain length as shown in Figure (a).

Wooden Pegs

These are made of stout timber commonly 25 to 30 mm square or circular size and 150 mm long as display in Figure 2(b). Wooden pegs are generally used to mark station position on ground on a quasi-permanent state. These are tapered at one end so in which they could be driven in the ground along with a hammer. These are remain at about 40 mm (minimum) projecting above the ground.

Figure: Auxiliary Equipment

Ranging Rods:

These are octagonal or circular within plan normally 25 to 30 mm diameter straight timber or tubular steel rods, 3 m in length and given with an iron shoe at lower end as shown in Figure(c). These are painted within black and white alternate bands and generally have a flag at the top for simple recognition and identification from a distance. If the ranging roads are graduated within meters and one tenth of a meter, they are known as offset rods and are used for measurement of short offsets.