Cutting Tool Geometry
Cutting tool nomenclature comprises the various parts of tool and systematic arrangement of tools angles. The complete nomenclature of single point cutting tool is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 : Nomenclature of Turning Tool
The shank is which part of the tool on one of the end of which the tool point is formed or the tip or bit is supported.
The base is the surface of the shank which bears against the support and takes the tangential pressure of the cut.
The heel is the edge between the base and the flank immediately below the face.
The point is end of the tool, which is shaped to produce the cutting edges and face.
The portion of the tool edge along which the chip is separated from the work. The cutting edge usually comprises the nose radius, the side cutting edge, and the end cutting edge.
- The Side (Primary) Cutting Edge
This is the edge formed by intersection of the tool face and side flank. It is mainly responsible for shearing of the work material during cutting.
- The End (Auxiliary) Cutting Edge
This is the edge formed by joining the side-cutting and end-cutting edges.
The flank is the surface or surfaces below and adjacent to the cutting edge. These are the surfaces of the tool facing the work.