Nomenclature of Compounds with Functional Groups:
General rules
Several of the nomenclature rules for alkanes are hold true for molecules consisting of a functional group, but additional rules are required in order to describe the kind of functional group present and its position in the molecule. The major rules are as follows:
(i) The main or parent chain have to be include the functional group, and thus may not essentially be the longest chain;
Figure: Identification of the main chain.
(ii) The existence of some functional groups is pointed out by replacing -ane for the parent or main alkane chain with the subsequent suffixes:
|
Functional group
|
suffix
|
functional group
|
suffix
|
|
Alkene
|
-ene
|
alkyne
|
-yne
|
|
Alcohol
|
-anol
|
aldehyde
|
-anal
|
|
ketone
|
-anone
|
carboxylic acid
|
-anoic acid
|
|
Acid chloride
|
-anoyl chloride
|
amine
|
-ylamine.
|