concentration of the ion pair:

Also, the concentration of the ion pair [(R₄As⁺.MnO₄^-)] in the aqueous is negligible. With these assumptions, the expression of D simplifies to be following:

D=[(R₄As⁺.MnO₄^-)]o/[MnO^-₄]_a

= K_DX. K_f [R₄As⁺]_a

i)          This means that the distribution ratio of the permanganate complex is solely a function of the equilibrium concentration of the tetraphenylarsonium cation. The extraction increases with the reagent concentration.

ii)        We know that the chloride ion concentration tends to reduce the concentration of tetraphenylarsonium cation; thus, reducing the extraction of the complex.

[R₄As⁺] = K[(R₄As ⁺ .Cl ^- )]o/K_DR[Cl^-]_a                                                                     

Substituting the above relation in Eq, we get

D = K_DXK_fK/KDR. [(R₄As⁺.Cl^-)]o/[Cl^-]_a