Compensating Errors

These errors can be sometimes positive and sometimes negative. Therefore when large number of readings is taken they are likely to get compensated. By theory of probability Magnitude of such errors can be estimated. The following are the examples of such errors:

1.      Fractional part of chain cannot be accurate though total length is corrected.

2.      Incorrect marking of the end of a chain.

3.      In tape Graduations may not be exactly same throughout.

4.      In the method of stepping whereas measuring sloping ground, plumbing may be crude.