Integrated  circuits and data storage media

THE MOST ADVANCED   ELECTRONIC   CIRCUITS HAS HUNDREDS, thousands, or even millions of transistors, resistors, diodes and capacitors. This is true of industrial and personal computers. These devices use circuits mounted onto wafers, or chips, of semiconductor material, silicon. The chips can be enclosed in little boxes or cans with pins for the connection to external components.

Integrated circuits (ICs) have stimulated as a change, and perhaps more evolution than, any other single development in history of electronic technology.