Basics of DNA cloning:

There  are a broad  variety  of various  process  for cloning  DNA  into  either viral  or plasmid vectors  but the basic  scheme  of events  is frequently  similar.  To clone into a plasmid vector the round plasmid DNA is cut with a restriction enzyme which has only a single recognition site in the plasmid. This established a linear plasmid molecule with cohesive stops shown in the figure. The easiest cloning strategy is now to cut the foreign donor DNA with the similar restriction enzyme. In the other words, different restriction enzymes can be used, giving that they create the similar cohesive ends. The donor DNA and linear plasmid DNA are now mixed.  The cohesive stops of the foreign DNA anneal with the ends of the plasmid DNA and are joined covalently by DNA ligase. The conclusion recombinant plasmid DNA is introduced into bacterial host cells which have been treated to become permeable to DNA.  This uptake of DNA through the bacterial cells is known as transfection; the bacterial cells are said to have been transfected through the recombinant plasmid. Bacterial cells are now permit to grow  and  separate,  during  that  time  the  recombinant  plasmids  will  replicate several times within the cells. One useful process is to select as cloning vector a plasmid which carries one or more antibiotic resistance genes plus a host that is sensitive to those antibiotics. Followed by, after transfection, the cells are developed in the presence of the antibiotic(s).  Only the cells containing plasmid DNA will be resistant to the antibiotic(s) and can grow.  If the  cells  are  increase  on an agar plate, every cell will multiply to form a bacterial colony where all the cells of that colony  contain  the similar  recombinant  plasmid  DNA  bearing  the similar  foreign DNA fragment. Therefore all which is now required is to recognized the particular bacterial colony which contains the foreign DNA sequence of interest.