The periplasm

Gram-negative Bacteria have a second phospholipid bilayer enclosing the cytoplasmic membrane. A periplasm the space among the outer and cytoplasmic membranes is thought to be aqueous but has much lower water content than the cytoplasm. An examination of the estimated total protein content suggests in which the periplasm may even have a gel-like state. It is the site of various important reactions taking a major role in the generation of ATP environmental sensing, denitrification and many other metabolic pathways which interact directly with the electron transport chain. There has been continued debate about the existence of same environments in Gram-positive Bacteria with recent suggestions which a gel-like stratum exists outside the Gram-positive cell membrane but is not bounded through another membrane.