Modern Tools of Surveying

Theodolite is an instrument which replaced compass and level. It may measure horizontal and vertical both angles. It serves as an ordinary level if telescope is kept at zero reading of vertical angle. In this modern era of electronics equipments is having come up to measure the distances to relieve surveyor from chaining long lines. Total station is modern survey equipment which combines the features of electromagnetic and theodolite distance measurement (EDM) instruments. Global positioning system is instrument, which establishes global position of the station making use at least four satellite stations.