The Volhard-Erdmann cyclization is an organic production of alkyl and aryl thiophenes by cyclization of disodium succinate or other 1,4-difunctional compounds (γ-oxo acids, chloroacetyl-substituted esters, 1,4-diketones,) along with phosphorus heptasulfide.The reaction is named for the Jacob Volhard and Hugo Erdmann.
An illustration is the synthesis of 3-methylthiophene initiating from itaconic acid:
![1998_Volhard–Erdmann-cyclization.png](https://www.expertsmind.com/../CMSImages/1998_Volhard–Erdmann-cyclization.png)
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