Scaling:
Scaling changes the size of the object. Let Sx & Sy as the scaling factors in x and y direction and SF be the entire scaling factor. Then after the scaling (taking into account the scaling factors) the coordinates of the point (x, y) alters to (x′, y′).
x′ = x* Sx
y′ = y* Sy
If SF > 1.0, then the object get larger. If SF < 1.0, then the object get smaller. If Sx = Sy, then we contain uniform scaling and this maintains the relative proportions of the object. If Sx ≠ Sy, then we contain differential scaling and this deforms the object.
Different Scaling around x and y-Axes
Sx = 0.5; and Sy = 1.5
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Figure: 2-Dimensional Scaling