Political Aspects:

In accordance with the majority voting rule when collective choice is derived translating individual preferences it coincides with the  preference of median voter.  Therefore in a democratic set up the ruling party tries to woo the median voters in terms of framing  public policy in their favour to win the next election.  Anthony Downs in his book Economic Theory of Democracy has rightly pointed  out that 'Ruling party frames policy to win election rather than wins election to frame policy'. Being guided by the self axiom principle for  lengthening its rule to maximize income, power and influence the ruling party always makes attempts for the maximization of votes and it is also true for all other political parties.  However it is not possible to exactly identify the point where the votes get maximized  corresponding to the equality of marginal votes gained due to public expenditure with marginal votes lost due to the taxation.

Therefore for winning election usually winning of majority votes becomes the rule. Interestingly it is very difficult to identify the median  voters since most of the voters cannot express their preferences as they feel alienated due to the ineffective governance.  Again even  if it is possible to identify the median voters, there is no certainty whether the median voters participate in voting or not.  In view of  this political parties try to create vote banks by placating the passionate minority on the basis of religion, caste and creed.  Different  pressure groups such as trade unions, merchant associations etc are also won over for the purpose.  Public choice determined by  political behaviour may therefore misrepresent the real public choice.