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Write short notes on tuple relational calculus.
The tuple relational calculation is anon procedural query language. It defines the desired information without giving a particular procedure for obtaining that information.
Define Specialisation and generalization in brief? Specialisation / generalization: Generalization or Specialization represents the is a relationship set, an necessary element
A constraint named less_than_20 was defined on the field date_of_birth of table student. Delete this constraint. ALTER TABLE student DROP CONSTRAINT less_than_20;
What is meant by buffer blocks and disk buffer The blocks residing temporarily in main memory are referred to as buffer blocks. The area of memory where blocks reside t
to develop elrctronic database from manual forms
Describe sequential file organization. Explain the rules for (i) Inserting a new record. (ii) Deleting an existing record. Ans:A sequential f
The Locking Protocol: To manage concurrency related problems we use locking. A lock is mainly a variable that is associated with a data item in the database. A lock can be located
Hardware failure : Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and
The Transactions- A transaction is definite as the unit of work in a database system. Database systems that deal with a huge number of transactions are also termed as transaction p
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
List the Armstrong's axioms for functional dependencies. What do you understand by soundness and completeness of these axioms? Ans: The Armstrong's axioms are: F1:
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