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Write short notes on tuple relational calculus.
The tuple relational calculation is anon procedural query language. It defines the desired information without giving a particular procedure for obtaining that information.
What is the meaning of Data independence? Data independence means a programs that are not dependent on the physical attributes of data and a programs that are not dependent on
Explain three main attributes of data.
Q. What is relational algebra and calculus? Explain the relational algebra operators :- Selection and predicate, set operation, joins and division. Sol. Relational Algebra
Attributes having a one value for a particular entity. For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity. Attributes that have more than single values
Deletion Anomalies: Loss of important Information: In some cases, useful information may be lost when a tuple is deleted. For instance, if we delete the tuple corresponding to stu
Two-way Associations Mostly, associations are travel in both directions, although not usually with same frequency. There are three approaches for the implementation. In
Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of re
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
What are stored-procedures? And what are the advantages of using them? Stored procedures are database objects that perform a user defined operation. A stored procedure can have
limitations and benefits in database tecknowlagy
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