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Write short notes on tuple relational calculus.
The tuple relational calculation is anon procedural query language. It defines the desired information without giving a particular procedure for obtaining that information.
Types of Data fragmentation
note on hashing technique
Explain the utilities which help the DBA to manage the database? Every DBA uses database utilities to maintain and control their databases. But there is a lot of confusion wit
CREATE TABLE prodtrans ( pno number (4) ptype char (1) CHECK (ptype in ('I','R','S')), qty number (5) FOREIGN KEY pno REFERENCES product (pno) ON DELETE CASCADE);
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
This language that enable user manipulate to or access data as organized by appropriate data model. Low level or Procedural DML : DML needs a user to specify what data ar
For problems 1-4, give all candidate keys for the tables with FDs specified. Composite candidate keys must be put in parentheses, and candidate keys must be separated with commas
What is ODBC ? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity which is also denoted by ODBC enable the integration of SQL along with a common-purpose programming language. ODBC expose data
What is a checkpoint? List the operations to be performed by the system when a checkpoint is to be taken. What does the recovery system do if there is a crash? There is large n
What are the various forms of data transparency? a) fragmentation transparency b) replication transparency c) location transparency
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