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Write short notes on transaction state?
A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted
A transaction must be in one of the following states
Active
Partially committed
Failed
Aborted
Committed
During the deletion of a tuple two cases can happen: Deletion of tuple in relation having the foreign key: In this type of case simply delete the desired tuple. For example, in
Use Delegation to Share Implementation The delegation " Delegation comprises of catching an operation on one object and sending it to other object which is part, or related to
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Ans: This includes transforming an initial expression (tree) into an equivalent expression (tree) that is
The indices are accumulated in the index files. The data is accumulated in the data files. Indices give fast access to data items. For example, a book database may be managed in th
Describe the storage structure of indexed sequential files and their access method. Ans: Storage structure of Indexed Sequential files and their access: To achieve fast rand
An ideal data dictionary should have everything a DBA wants to know about the database. 1 Conceptual, External, and internal database descriptions. 2. Descriptions of attr
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
Describe the nested-loop join and block-nested loop join. Ans: The block nested- loop join algorithm is as described below: for every block B r of relation R do beg
What is Normalization? Database normalization is a data design and organization method applied to data structures based on rules that help building relational databases. In rel
A relation has: Relational Schema Relation instance Relational Schema: A relational schema shows the relation's name, its attributes and the domain of every a
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