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Write short notes on transaction state?
A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted
A transaction must be in one of the following states
Active
Partially committed
Failed
Aborted
Committed
How does the two phase protocol ensure serializability in database schedules? Ans: A transaction is termed to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations
Example: //REVOKE ALL ON EMP FROM MCA12; (All permissions will be cancelled) You can also cancel only some of the permissions. Drop: A user-
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
What is meant by functional dependencies? Consider a relation schema R and α C R and β C R. The functional dependency α ->β holds on relational schema R if in any legal relati
Explain the Natural join Natural join is a binary operator which is written as (R* S) in which R and S are relations. The effect of the natural join is the set of all combinati
What are the several kinds of the update operations on relations? Also explain the constraints on these update operation. Give instance in support of your answer. There are th
CAR SALE (Car_id, Option_type, Option_listprice, Sale_date, Option_discountedprice) This relation refers to options installed in cars (e.g., cruise control) that were sold at a de
Express types of information available in MySQL? Information as regards the result of queries: This includes number of records affected by any SELECT or UPDATE or DELETE st
notes about update opreation
it can be possible to create any table without primary key
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