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Write short notes on transaction state?
A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted
A transaction must be in one of the following states
Active
Partially committed
Failed
Aborted
Committed
Define Timestamp ordering Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number
What are the uses of functional dependencies? To test relations to see whether they are legal under a given set of functional dependencies. To state constraints on the set
What are the several forms of identity? a) Value b) Name c) Built-in
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
Sub query in the UPDATE command : Example : //Double the commission for employees, who have got at least 2 increments. UPDATE EMP SET COMM = COMM * 2 WHERE
To delete a particular column in a relation which command is used ? To delete a particular column in a relation ALTER command is used.
What is the difference between serial and sequential files? How searching is applied on both? Ans: A serial file is one where the records have been stored in the order where
Question 1 Draw a Data Flow Diagram for a University scenario Question 2 Discuss the following with suitable examples Relational Algebra Operators Database Pla
Scenario 1: Power goes out after the first instruction. What happens?
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