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Write short notes on transaction state?
A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted
A transaction must be in one of the following states
Active
Partially committed
Failed
Aborted
Committed
Outer Join: The use of Outer Join is that it still joins those tuples that do not have matching values in common columns are also contained in the result table. Outer join places
Define data model? A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for explaining data, data relationships, data semantics and consistency constraints.
Failures and Recovery In practice various things might occur to prevent a transaction from completing. Recovery methods are used to bring database, which does not satisfy consi
Consider the relations EMPLOYEE(emp#, name) ASSIGNED_TO(project#, emp#) PROJECT(project#, project_name, chief) Express the subsequent queries in Relational Algebra (i) Ge
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
Explain Domain calculus Domain calculus is one of the types of the relational calculus. The formal specification of the domain calculus was planned after the development of the
Views A view is like a window by which data from tables can be changed or viewed. The table on which a view is based is known as Base table. The view is stored as a SELECT stat
Explain CNT in the respects of QBE ? CNT: It is one of the aggregation commands given in QBE. It is used to identify number of tuples
Data Independence This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of sc
Describe the GRANT function and explain, how it associates to security. What kind of privileges may be granted? How are they revoked? Ans: Since more than one user can aacce
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