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Write short notes on relational model
The relational model uses a collection of tables to show both data and the relationships between those data. The relational model is an example of a record based model.
Shared lock or Read Lock It is requested by a transaction that needs to just read the value of data item. A shared lock on a data item does not permit an exclusive lock
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
a need some real life examples of database management systems three level of ANSI SPARC architecture life teacher and student ,company and employee or for NGO etc.
Problem Explain at least five relational algebraic operators with a suitable example. Note: All the above descriptions should be done by taking at least two examples from ou
Data Independence This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of sc
What are the categories of SQL command? SQL commands are separated in to the following categories: 1. Data - Definitition Language 2. Data Manipulation language 3. Dat
(A) For the relation; CarSales (RegNo, BuyerName, Address, SalesPerson, Make, Model, Commission) The following functional dependences hold, RegNo _ID à Make, Model Reg
Explain the Relational Completeness Codd described the term relational completeness to consider to a language that is complete with respect to first-order predicate calculus ex
Nested Queries Let us see some more complex queries in this section. Sub-queries: Some of the basic concerns of sub-queries are: A sub-query is a SELECT statemen
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
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