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Write short notes on domain relational calculus
The domain relational calculus uses domain variables that take on values from an attribute domain rather than values for whole tuple.
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Define rotational latency time. The time spent waiting for the sector to be accessed to appear under the head is known as the rotational latency time.
Durability : This property necessitates that once a transaction has committed, the changes made by it be never lost because of subsequent failure. Thus, a transaction is also a bas
Sequential File Organisation The most necessary way to organise the collection of records in a file is to use sequential Organisation. Records of the file are stored in series
Attributes and its types explain?
Describe the four main ways of optimising disk block access. Ans: a. Disk b. Non-volatile writes buffers c. File organization (Clustering) d. Log-based file system
What is a shadow copy scheme? It is simple, but efficient, scheme known as the shadow copy schemes. It is based on making copies of the database called shadow copies that singl
User error : This contains errors in the program (e.g., Logical errors) with errors made by online users of database. These types of errors can be avoided by applying some check
Define the phases of two phase locking protocol Growing phase: a transaction may get locks but not release any lock. Shrinking phase: a transaction might be release locks bu
Define Query by Example QBE is a query language relies upon domain calculus and has two dimensional syntax. The queries are written in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of
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