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Write a short note on disk structure
Modern disk drives are initiate as large one dimensional array of logical blocks where the logical block is the smallest unit of transfer. The size of the logical block is typically 512 bytes and the one dimensional array of logical block is mapped onto the sectors of disk sequentially. Sector 0 is the initially first sector of the track on the outermost cylinder the mapping proceeds in order through that track after that through the rest of the tracks in that cylinder and then through rest of the cylinder from outermost to innermost. The faster a track is from the centre of disk that the greater its length so the more sectors it can hold. While we move from outer zone to inner zone the number of sectors per track decreases. Tracks in the outermost zone usually hold 40 percent more sectors than do tracks in the innermost zone. The drive enhance its rotation speed as the head moves from the outer to the inner track to keep the same rate of data moving under the head.
What are the multithreading models? There are three models:- a) Many-to-One model b) One-to-One model c) Many-to-Many model
Locks (also known as mutexes, short for mutual exclusion locks) provide mutual exclusion to shared data inside a critical session. They are implemented by means of two atomic routi
Using pages makes it easier to manage the whole memory, avoiding excessive fragmentation and waste. As an analogy, think of Tetris, but with only square blocks: it is relatively ea
Write on short note DMA. Direct M emory Access (DMA) is a technique for transferring data from main to a device without passing it through the CPU. Computers that have
Process termination A process terminates when it finishes implementing its final statement and asks the operating system to delete it by using the exit system call. At that tim
Compare user threads and kernel threads. User threads:- User threads are supported above the kernel and are executed by a thread library at the user level. Thread creation
What is indexed allocation? Every file has its own block of pointers to the sectors of the file.
Q. a number of systems automatically delete all user files when a user logs off or a job terminates unless the user explicitly requests that they be kept other systems keep all fil
Define caching. A cache is a region of fast memory that holds copies of data. Access to the cached copy is well-organized than access to the original. Caching and buffering are
Explain the Thread Contextual Data Threads in Net Ware carry additional context as well. Per-thread, stacks, errno, Net Ware Errno, t_errno and others are available to the ap
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