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Write a short note on disk scheduling
One of the responsibities of operating system O/S is to use the hardware efficiently. Whenever a process requires I/O to or from the disc it issues a system call to the operating system. The request state severer pieces of information:
If the disk controller and drive are available the request can be serviced immediately. If the controller or drive is busy any new request for service will be placed on the queue of pending request for that drive. For a multiprogramming system with several processes the disk queue may often have several pending requests. Therefore when request is accomplish the operating system chooses which pending request to service next.
Since most of the programs require a lot of memory allocation/deallocation, we expect the memory management to be fast, to have low fragmentation, make good use of locality, and be
Interrupts The hardware mechanism that enables a device to inform the CPU is called an interrupt. The basic interrupt mechanism works as follows. The CPU hardware has a wire kn
Demand paging With demand paging, a page is called into memory only when a location on that page is actually indexed during run time. With pre-paging, pages other than the one
Write on short note DMA. Direct M emory Access (DMA) is a technique for transferring data from main to a device without passing it through the CPU. Computers that have
What are two differences among user-level threads and kernel-level threads? Under what circumstances is one type better than the other? (1) User-level threads are unknown by th
Q. Why page sizes always powers of 2? Answer: Recall that paging is executed by breaking up an address into a page and offset number. It is most competent to break the address
What is the kernel? A more common explanation is that the OS is the one program running at all times on the computer usually known as the kernel, with all else being applicati
Explain Components of conflict phase of dispatch latency The conflict phase of dispatch latency has two components 1. Preemption of any process running in the kernel. 2.
Explain root partition The root partition,which have the operating-system kernel and potentially other system files, is mounted at boot time. In successful mount operation, ope
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