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Q. Write a pseudo code to find sum of two functions?
Let's write a pseudo code to find sum of two functions f(A) + f(B). In first algorithm we will not use locking.
Process A Process B
sum = 0 :
: :
fork B sum = sum+ f(B)
sum = sum + f(A) end B
:
join B
end A
If process A executes statement sum = sum + f(A) in addition writes results in main memory followed by computation of sum by process B then we attain correct result however consider case when B executes statement sum = sum + f(B) before process A can write result in the main memory. Then sum comprises only f(B) that is incorrect. To avoid such variation we use locking.
: lock sum
fork B sum = sum + f(B)
: unlock sum
lock sum :
unlock sum
In this case every time a process obtains sum variable it locks it sothat no other process can access that particular variable that guarantees consistency in results.
Input Output Techniques: o Interrupt driven o Direct Memory Access (DMA) o Programmed Programmed I/O CPU has control over I/O directly Read/write
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