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Write a note on superconductors.
Superconductors- The resistivity of most metals rises with increase in temperature and vice-versa. Some metals and chemical compounds are there, whose resistivity becomes zero while their temperature is brought near 00Kelvin (-2730C). At that stage these metals or compounds are be have attained superconductivity. Illustration - mercury becomes superconducting at about 4.5 Kelvin (-268.50C). Superconductivity was discovered through Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. The transition make normal conductivity to superconductivity takes place almost rapidly; this occurs over a very narrow range of temperature regarding 0.050K. The temperature at that the transition takes place from the state of normal conductivity to that of superconductivity is termed as transition temperature. Superconductors are utilized for producing very magnetic fields of approximately 50 Tesla. Magnetic energy can be stored in huge superconductors and drawn as needed to counter the voltage fluctuations throughout peak loading. Superconductors can be utilized to perform logic and storage functions in computers. Since there is no, I2R losses in a superconductor, therefore power can be transmitted by the superconducting cables without any losses. Superconducting property can be vanished by applying external magnetic field as in figure (b). In figure (b) HC is critical magnetic field and TC critical temperature.
Q. A 230-V, single-phase, 60-Hz source supplies two loads in parallel. One draws 10 kVA at a lagging power factor of 0.80 and the other draws 6 kWat a lagging power factor of 0.90.
Discuss the degeneracy of energy of energy states. Solve the Schrodinger’s equation for a free particle in three dimensional boxes and find Eigen values and Eigen function of free
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Write down basic postulates of sommerfield’s free electron gas model. Show that the number of energy states per unit energy is given by g(E) = 4Rv/h 3 (2m) 3/2 E 1/2 . What is
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