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Q. Working of Read-Only Memory?
A ROM is fundamentally a memory or storage device in which a fixed set of binary information is stored. A block diagram of ROM is as displayed in Figure. It comprises n input lines and m output lines. Every bit combination of input variables is known as an address. Every bit combination which comes out of output lines is known as a word. Total number of bits per word is equal to number of output lines m. Number of distinct addresses possible with n input variables is 2n.
Figure: ROM
A ROM is characterised by number of words (2n ) and number of bits (m) per word. For illustration a 32 × 8 ROM that can be written as 25 × 8 comprises 32 words of 8 bit each that means there are 8 output lines and 32 distinct words stored in unit. There are only 5 input lines since 32 = 25and with 5 binary variables we can specify 32 addresses.
A ROM is fundamentally a combinational circuit and can be constructed as displayed in Figure below. On applying an Input I1 = 0, I2 = 0 the 00 line of decoder is selected and we will get O1 = 0 and O2 = 1 on applying I1 = 0 and I2 = 1 we will obtain O1 = 1 AND O2 = 0. This same logic can be used for creating larger ROMs.
Operand is that part of an instruction which specifies the address of source or result or the data itself on which the processor is to operate. Operand types typically give operand
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