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Why are cursors necessary in embedded SQL?
A cursor is an object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row processing through the application programs. SQL statements operate on a set of data and return a set of data. Instead, host language programs operate on a row at a time.
The cursors are used to navigate by a set of rows returned through an embedded SQL SELECT statement. A cursor could be compared to a pointer.
What is a value? A data value is used for identity. This form of identity is used in relational systems.eg: The primary key value of a tuple recognize the tuple.
Defining Internal Classes and Operations When we enlarge algorithms, new classes can be added to the store intermediate results. A complex operation could be looked at, as a c
Differentiate between Key and superkey? Key and superkey - A key a single attribute or a combination of two or more attributes of an entity set in which is used to identify o
Describe Hashing in DBMS? Hashing: Hashing is a technique to store data within an array so which storing, searching, inserting and deleting data is fast (in theory it's O(1))
Describe log based recovery The most usably structure for recording data base modification is the LOG the log is a sequence of log records recording all the update activities i
a. Define the term "deadlock". There are four conditions that must hold before deadlock is possible. Name them. b. Outline an algorithm that detects whether there is a deadlock.
explain the steps for reduction of er model into relational model?
Self-Join: In a self join a table is joined with itself. Let consider the following sample partial data of EMP table EMPNO ENAME MGRID
Define weak and strong entity sets? Weak entity set: entity set that do not have key attribute of their own are known as weak entity sets. Strong entity set
In an organisation various projects are undertaken. Each projects can employ one or more employees. Every employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on
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