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Why are cursors necessary in embedded SQL?
A cursor is an object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row processing through the application programs. SQL statements operate on a set of data and return a set of data. Instead, host language programs operate on a row at a time.
The cursors are used to navigate by a set of rows returned through an embedded SQL SELECT statement. A cursor could be compared to a pointer.
Client Server Databases- The concept behind the Client/Server systems is simultaneous, cooperative processing. It is an approach that presents a one systems view from a user's vie
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
Consistency: This property makes sure that a complete transaction implementation takes a database from one consistent state to another consistent state. If the transaction fails e
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
What is a transaction ? The Transaction is a unit of data processing. For instance, many of the transactions at a bank may be withdrawal or deposit of money; transfer of money f
What is known as fudge factor? The number of partitions is enhanced by a small value called the fudge factor, which is usually 20 percent of the number of hash partitions compu
Describe the Composite Key Composite Key: Sometimes one key is not enough to uniquely recognize a row. E.g. in a single class Roll is enough to search a student, but in the w
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With the help of an example display how records can be deleted and updated in QBE. (i) Increase Pay_Rate of employees along with the skill of ‘cook' by 10%. (ii) Delete employee
With the help of a diagram defines the typical element modules of a DBMS? The functional elements of a database system can be widely divided into: 1) Storage manager and 2) q
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