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Why are cursors necessary in embedded SQL?
A cursor is an object used to store the output of a query for row-by-row processing through the application programs. SQL statements operate on a set of data and return a set of data. Instead, host language programs operate on a row at a time.
The cursors are used to navigate by a set of rows returned through an embedded SQL SELECT statement. A cursor could be compared to a pointer.
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
Insertion Anomaly: Inability to show certain information-The primary key of the over relation be (enrolment number, Cno). Any new tuple to be inserted in the relation should have
1) Information about a bank is about customers and their account. Customer has a name, address which consists of house number, area and city, and one or more phone numbers. Ac
What is an object design? Object design is a very interactive method, which decides the relationship among objects, classifies operations on classes, determines overall system
1. Develop a flowchart using the decision structure to solve the following problem. A Box Lunch Bonanza is a small catering company that offers 2 different types of box lunches
Describe the functions and features of foreign key? Foreign Key : The primary key of one file or table that is implanted in another file or table to implement the relationships
What is authorization graph? Passing of authorization from single user to another can be shown by an authorization graph.
Define Deadlock detection If a system does not employ a few protocols that make sure deadlock freedom, after that a detection and recovery scheme should be used. An algorithm
What is object containment? References among objects can be used to model dissimilar real-world concepts.
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
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