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WHILE-LOOPThe WHILE-LOOP statement relates a condition with the series of statements enclosed by the keywords LOOP and END LOOP, as shown:WHILE condition LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;Before each of the iteration of the loop, the condition is computed. If the condition is true, then the series of statements is executed, then the control resumes at the top of the loop. When the condition is false or null, the loop is then bypassed and control passes to the next statement. An illustration is shown below:WHILE total <= 25000 LOOP...SELECT sal INTO salary FROM emp WHERE...total := total + salary;END LOOP;The number of iterations depends on the condition and is not known until the loop done. The condition is tested at the top of the loop, so the series might execute zero times. In the last illustration, if the initial value of total is bigger than 25000, the condition is false and the loop is bypassed.A few languages have a LOOP UNTIL or REPEAT UNTIL structure, that tests the condition at the bottom of the loop rather than at the top. So, the sequence of the statements is executed at least once. The PL/SQL has no such structure, but you can easily build one, as shown:LOOPsequence_of_statementsEXIT WHEN boolean_expression;END LOOP;To make sure that a WHILE loop executes at least once, then use an initialized Boolean variable in the condition which is as shown below:done := FALSE;WHILE NOT done LOOPsequence_of_statementsdone := boolean_expression;END LOOP;The statement inside the loop should assign a new value to the Boolean variable. Or else, you have an infinite loop. For illustration, the following LOOP statements are logically equal:WHILE TRUE LOOP | LOOP... | ...END LOOP; | END LOOP;
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
Using %ROWTYPE The %ROWTYPE attribute gives a record type which represents a row in a table (or view). The record can store the whole row of data selected from the table or fetc
The requirements as follows: Create a folder called "SECURITY" on the server and upload all your project files to that folder. Please note, the "SECURITY" folder is NOT to be IN
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Nested Tables versus Index-by Tables The Index-by tables and nested tables are just similar. For e.g. They have similar structure and their individual elements are accessed in
Control Structures The Control structures are the most important PL/SQL extension to the SQL. Not only does PL/SQL let you manipulate Oracle data, it lets you process the data
What Is a Collection The collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for e.g. the grades for a class of students). Each element has a unique subscript whic
If two relations R and S are joined, then the non matching tuples of both R and S are ignored in __________________.
Parameter and Keyword Description: table_reference: This keyword identifies the table or view that should be accessible when you execute the UPDATE statement, and for wh
Providing Results of Queries Expressing queries in SQL is the (big) subject. Here I present just a simple example to give you the flavour of things to come in those chapters.
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