Question 

Gauss's Law can be considered a cause and effect equation. When consequently considered on which side of the equation is the cause and on which side is the effect?

Answer:

Gauss's law is a declaration that charge causes electric field. It is in excess of that too--it is a relation between the charge and the electric field. As written previously we have the charge the cause of the electric field on the right and the effect the electric field itself on the left. To be sure the electric field is inside the integral on the left. The integral is the flux. Through causing the electric field to exist at the Gaussian surface enclosing the charge the charge also causes electric flux through that surface.