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WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL ?
The WHERE clause is commonly used for implementing conditions on each tuple of the relation. The HAVING clause is used in combination along with the GROUP BY clause. It can be used in a SELECT statement to filter groups of the records which a GROUP BY returns. The syntax for the HAVING clause is: SELECT column1, column2, ... column_n, aggregate_function (expression)FROM tablesWHERE predicatesGROUP BY column1, column2, ... column_nHAVING condition1 ... condition_n; Aggregate_function can be a function such as SUM, COUNT, MIN, or MAX.WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL.
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
Consider the relations EMP(ENO,ENAME,AGE,BASIC_SALARY) WORK_IN(ENO,DNO) DEPT(DNO,DNAME,CITY) Express the following queries in SQL (i) Find names of employees who work in a dep
Which language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred? Language which is used in application program is DML to request data from the DBMS is ref
Process to find the non-concurrent objects Once we find out non-concurrent (mutually exclusive) objects, we can fold all objects together in one thread of process or control. O
Objectives After reading this unit you should be able to: Explain storage of databases on hard disks; Discuss the execution of various file Organisation techniques;
Give the general form of SQL query? Select A1, A2............., An From R1, R2..............., Rm Where P
Describe Embedded Query Language? Embedded Query Language - A query language (e.g., SQL) can be implemented in two ways. It can be used interactively or embedded within a host
how many hourse have been spent on a certain project
Object-oriented decompositions Object-oriented decompositions of systems better are able to cope with change. Each subsystem has a well-defined interface which communicates with
" Wound-wait" scheme : It is based on a preemptive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by Tj
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