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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
Calorific value is one of the most important characteristics of a fuel. It judges the efficiency of fuel. Calorific value is defined as "the total quantity of heat liberated, wh
Define Resolution - terminologies used in chromatography? Resolution is the effectiveness of the separation and is determined by two factors. These include: Distance
Define Hormonal Responses to Injury? A number of hormonal changes take place in patients following injury. There is a marked rise in the counter regulatory hormones, viz., glu
What is Tagma, Tagmosis and Tagmatization? Distinct body regions resulting when different segments of a metameric animal become involved in specific functions. These segments a
SODIUM The element is available in table salt. A proper balance of sodium and potassium is essential. Its absorption is under control of aldasterone. The various f
Define Water soluble Vitamins - B complex Vitamins and Vitamin C? Vitamins are essential nutrients found in foods. The requirements are small but they perform specific and vit
what is meant by double penetration sex?
Haemocyanin - Respiratory Pigments This pigment is found in several arthropods and molluscs. Haemocyanins do not consist of haee groups. The metal they consist of is copper, w
how many atoms are H2SO4 compound
briefly describe the eggs and follicles, in rabbit
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