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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
K e to s i s It is also known as acetonemia in bovines or pregnancy toxaemia in sheep and is associated with ketonemia, ketonuria and low blood glucose. E t iol
Q. Which are the target tissues and target organs of the neurohypophysis? The target organs of oxytocin are the mammary glands and the uterus and target organs of ADH are the k
Important Modern viral diseases By extensive use of vaccination and chemotherapy. Certain serious viral diseases of the past. Like smallpox. Have been completely or largely e
Acute Bronchitis: Acute bronchitis is inflammation of one or more bronchi and occurs specifically in children younger than four year?. It is usually associated with previ
Define Reagents for Determination of the Saponification Number of Fats? 0.5 N alcoholic KOH 0.5 N HCI Solid sodium carbonate 1% alcoholic solution of methyl orange
In vivo imaging in psychiatry To illustrate the ingenious applications to which in vivo imaging can be put, consider the use of PET in the study of hallucinations by Frith and
Explain about Listeria monocytogenes infection Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, motile, non-spore forming rod. It is widely distributed in nature and can be found on
Spray-drying method Spray-drying is the common drying method in the production of ISP. The primary physical form of ISP in commerce, is that of fine powders. Structured form
who is the farther of bio diversity?
Shifting cultivation - Degradation of Ecosystem This method of cultivation is practised all over the globe, but is more prevalent in the tropical countries. In this practice a
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