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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
X-Linked Traits in Humans Let us first examine traits determined by genes on the X-chromosome, or the X-linked traits. The human X chromosome contains many genes that are requi
Why are agricultural fields often less stable than natural communities in the similar area? Because agricultural fields usually having one species of crop plant, they have low
In eukaryotes possibly the most rapid and complex signaling is mediated through nerve impulses. The Nerve cells (neurons) consist of a cell body with numerous projections
Q. Most insects have wings. Which is the other animal phylum that contains creatures with analogous organs? Besides the phylum Arthropoda another animal phylum with flying crea
Classify phylum mollusca?
the mass number is used to calculate the number of _________in one atom of an elemement. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the _______from the ______.
Q. How does the pancreatic juice resume the digestion of carbohydrates? What is the involved enzyme? Carbohydrate digestion begins with the action of the salivary amylase (ptya
Results of Mitral Valve Replacement: The risk of mitral valve replacement is reported as 3-5 per cent. It also depends on multiple factors like age, functional clas
How Sugar is used in Custards? While flour protein forms the structure of baked goods, custards are composed of egg protein structures. If the egg white solidifies too early al
whatismicrobiology
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