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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
A bee visits several flowers in succession on a single willow herb plant. In doing so, the bee transfers pollen from the younger flowers, near the top of the inflorescence (group o
Jaundice (Icterus) Jaundice is classified as pre-hepatic (hemolytic), hepatic and post-hepatic (obstructive) depending on origin of the problem, and is characterized by yellowi
Management Establish and maintain airway. Anticipate need for incubation if respiratory distress evident. Administer high humidified O 2 , using non-rebreather mask.
Explain about the water-soluble vitamin - Riboflavin? Riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ), a water-soluble vitamin, was discovered in milk as a pigment possessing a yellow green fluore
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides which are absorbed into the blood stream. In the liver and muscles, most of the glucose is
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Q. Explain about Climate Regulation? By giving off moisture through their leaves and providing shade, plants help keep us and other animals cool. Forests are especially good cl
Importance of reproduction Reproduction is an important life process in animals and plants. Reproduction is the ability of an organism to produce new generation of indivi
What do you understand by Pseudocoelomate? Animals that have a body cavity which is not completely lined by mesoderm. In past these organisms were referred to as the phylum Asc
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