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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
Explain Post-lyme disease syndrome Some treated patients whose objective manifestations of Lyme disease have resolved with antibiotic treatment report subjective symptoms suc
Coding sequence is the portion of the gene or the mRNA which actually codes for a protein. Introns are not coding for the sequences; nor are the 5' or 3' untranslated regions (or
D uck septicemia (duck pasteurellosis/new duck disease) The disease is caused by Pasteruella anatipestifer (Syn. Riemerella anatipestifer ) that mostly affects growing duck
How to culture mould plant s Use either sterile dishes with potato slices or gelatin as those ready for the experiments on bacteria. Transfer mould from every of the sources in
Some drugs bind extensively to plasma proteins (Warfarin binds 99%) while others have virtually no binding. Extraction depends on the type of drug - there are dissimilar standar
what is the excretory organ in protozoa?
Hardy desert shrubs - having short stem, number of branches and thick leaves. The animals of deserts are primarily arthropods, reptiles, birds and mammals. Large animals are unc
Q. How does self infection by tapeworms occur? The Taeniasis patients may develop the most severe form of the worm infection, cysticercosis, because their feces contain eggs
Reptiles - Regeneration in Vertebrates Among reptiles, the lizards like the Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis and Anolis carolinensis can again generate their tail, following au
In what way do chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) cause global problems? Chlorofluorocarbons react with and deplete the ozone in the ozone layer. This permits more ultra-violet light f
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