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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
Denaturation: With respect to the nucleic acids, refers to the conversion from the double-stranded to single-stranded state, many times achieved by heating or alkaline conditions.
Nucellus - Ovule Enclosed within the integuments lies a homogenous mass of tissue which is termed as the nucellus. This is the tissue in which the female gametophyte differen
Explain the Nutrition of Fungi? Fungi grow in moist environment and are chemoorganoheterotrophs. What do we mean by chemoorganoheterotrophs? The term chemotroph describes organ
what is animal kingdom and what are its functions
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Explain ISP The specification of the Association of American Feed Control Officials, Inc. (AAFCO) defines ISP as "Major proteinaceous fraction of soybeans prepared from dehulle
Explain about functions of the lacrimal apparatus. Tear Secretion Aqueous tears are secreted by the main (reflex secretion) and accessory (basic secretion) lacrimal
Difference between Distant object and Near object - Distan t object Near object 1. Parallel light reaches to eye. 2. Ci
collection of different animals,human being and insects stages of binomial nomenclature
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