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Staphylococci exist in air, dust, sewage, water, milk and food or on food equipment, environmental surfaces, humans and animals. Humans and animals are the primary reservoirs. Staphylococci are present in the nasal passages and throats and on the hair and skin of 50 percent or more of healthy individuals. A wide range of foods maybe involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning including ham, turkey, chicken and chicken salad, baked products, especially filled pastries, table ready-meats (sausage etc.), precooked frozen foods and dairy products.
S. aureus cells are relatively more resistant than many gram negative food spoilage organisms. Human intoxication is caused by ingesting enterotoxins produced in food by strains of S. aureus, usually because the food has not been kept hot enough (60ºC, or above) or cold enough (7.2ºC, or below). In frozen foods they may survive even at -10ºC. In general, survival of S. aureus is best in foods that contain high concentration of sugars, eggs and buffering component such as phosphates and protein. Salt concentration less than 9.5%, temperature more than 20ºC and a pH in the range 6-8 are favourable for growth and enterotoxin formation.
Morphological Nature of Endosperm The morphological nature of endosperm in angiosperms has been a subject of much discussion in evolution. The endosperm in gymnosperms is a g
Characteristics of Metazoa The unicellular protozoans are highly versatile and successful organisms that show remarkable organization and division of labour within the confine
Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms ? 1. Baculovirus 2. Salmonella typhimurium 3. Rhizopus nigricans 4. Retrovirus
β - Pleated Sheets In this inter molecular hydrogen bonds are present Two or more polypeptide chains come together and from a sheet. Condensation in little. However
who proposed trinomial system of classification? in ALLEN modules ans is Huxley & Stricklandt but in AAKASH its given Lamarck so what is correct?
Q. Explain Spoilage of Sweetened condensed milk? The sweetened condensed milk contains about 8% milk fat, 23% total milk solids and sweetened with the addition of a sweetener,
Q. What is the anemia? What are the four major types of anemia? Anemia is low concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, the four major kind of anemia are the nutrient-deficienc
Sexually-transmitted diseases Many travelers have new sexual contacts during their journeys and are at increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases including HIV
Inversion We know that atmosphere is heated from below and warm air rises, but air can be prevented from rising by a condition known as inversion. An inversion refers to a situ
parasexual reproduction
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