Problem:

(a) The Mauritius Automated Clearing and Settlement System (MACSS) is the Mauritian Real-time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system.

(i) Outline briefly the concept of RTGS.

(ii) Name the three main system components of the MACSS.

(iii) Explain how the S.W.I.F.T. FIN Y-Copy works.

(iv) Within the context of MACSS, explain what you understand by the term "Contingency Event" and list two main potential types of Contingency event.

(v) When does a MACSS application event occur?

(b) Cryptography is used to protect data from theft or alteration and for user authentication. Outline the three general types of cryptographic schemes used to accomplish these goals.

(c) What is Electronic Data Interchange?

(d) Fedwire, CHIPS and SWIFT are the three wire-transfer systems used in the United States.

(i) Outline the main differences among these three wire-transfer systems.

(ii) Explain how money launderers try to use wire transfers to launder money.