When are constraints checked - sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

When Are Constraints Checked

Under the model constraints are conceptually checked at all statement boundaries (and only at statement boundaries). By default the same is true of SQL. However, SQL does not support the "multiple assignment" concept, described in the theory book, for database updates. For that reason it has to include an alternative method of addressing the problems that multiple assignment addresses. SQL does so by allowing the checking of specified constraints to be temporarily deferred and reinstated later-but never across a transaction boundary. As a result, it is possible for the database to appear to be inconsistent, but only to the user whose as yet uncommitted transaction has given rise to that state of affairs. As a consequence of deferred constraint checking, SQL code that depends on consistency with declared constraints is obviously exposed to that assumption of consistency being false when the code is executed while checking is deferred.

For example, the table expression SELECT Name FROM IS_CALLED WHERE StudentId = 'S1' might be expected never to result in a table containing more than one row, thanks to the key constraint applying to IS_CALLED; thus it might be used in a scalar subquery. However, if the checking of that key constraint is temporarily deferred and two or more rows with StudentId equal to 'S1' temporarily appear in that table, then the scalar subquery will give rise to a run-time exception. Fortunately, SQL does allow a constraint to be declared as NOT DEFERRABLE, and that is the default option.


Related Discussions:- When are constraints checked - sql

Parameter and keyword description - insert statement, Parameter and Keyword...

Parameter and Keyword Description:   table_reference: This identifies a table or view which should be available when you execute the INSERT statement, and for that you sho

Difference between implicit and explicit cursor, Implicit Cursor is declare...

Implicit Cursor is declared and used by the oracle environment internally. while the explicit cursor is declared and used by the external user. more over implicitly cursors are no

Full time system administrator, Need Windows and Linux system Administrator...

Need Windows and Linux system Administrator We are seeking a part time system administrator to take care of our servers. Your things to do would add, but not limited to: -

Using for update, Using FOR UPDATE If you declare a cursor which will ...

Using FOR UPDATE If you declare a cursor which will be referenced in the CURRENT OF clause of an UPDATE or DELETE statement, you should use the FOR UPDATE clause to obtain an

Dynamic sql - pl sql, Dynamic SQL: The Most PL/SQL programs do a predi...

Dynamic SQL: The Most PL/SQL programs do a predictable, specific job. For illustration, a stored procedure may accept an employee number and salary increase, and then update t

Pragma restrict_references in pl sql, Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES: ...

Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES: The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules,

I want online credit application website, Project Description: We organi...

Project Description: We organize an online system called ACPAS we have created a project called EVO that can be use by our customers to integrate their web sites with the Acpas

Use bulk binds - improve performance of application, Use Bulk Binds If...

Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex

Data types and representations, Data Types and Representations This ex...

Data Types and Representations This explains the concept possible representation, abbreviated possrep, and explains how these can be used in conjunction with constraints to de

Oracle 11 g new features , Oracle 11 G new features associated with this re...

Oracle 11 G new features associated with this release:- Enhanced ILM  - Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) has been around for the almost 10 years, but Oracle has made

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd