When are constraints checked - sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

When Are Constraints Checked

Under the model constraints are conceptually checked at all statement boundaries (and only at statement boundaries). By default the same is true of SQL. However, SQL does not support the "multiple assignment" concept, described in the theory book, for database updates. For that reason it has to include an alternative method of addressing the problems that multiple assignment addresses. SQL does so by allowing the checking of specified constraints to be temporarily deferred and reinstated later-but never across a transaction boundary. As a result, it is possible for the database to appear to be inconsistent, but only to the user whose as yet uncommitted transaction has given rise to that state of affairs. As a consequence of deferred constraint checking, SQL code that depends on consistency with declared constraints is obviously exposed to that assumption of consistency being false when the code is executed while checking is deferred.

For example, the table expression SELECT Name FROM IS_CALLED WHERE StudentId = 'S1' might be expected never to result in a table containing more than one row, thanks to the key constraint applying to IS_CALLED; thus it might be used in a scalar subquery. However, if the checking of that key constraint is temporarily deferred and two or more rows with StudentId equal to 'S1' temporarily appear in that table, then the scalar subquery will give rise to a run-time exception. Fortunately, SQL does allow a constraint to be declared as NOT DEFERRABLE, and that is the default option.


Related Discussions:- When are constraints checked - sql

Keyword and parameter description - goto statement, Keyword and Parameter D...

Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which labels an executable statement or the PL/SQL block. You can use a GOTO statement to

Using lock table, Using LOCK TABLE You use the LOCK TABLE statement to...

Using LOCK TABLE You use the LOCK TABLE statement to lock the whole database tables in the specified lock mode so that you can share or deny the access to them. For illustrati

Pass the nulls to a dynamic sql, Pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL: Pas...

Pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL: Passing Nulls: Assume that you want to pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL statement. For illustration, you may write the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE

Synonyms- naming conventions, Synonyms You can create the synonyms to pr...

Synonyms You can create the synonyms to provide location transparency for the remote schema objects like tables, views, sequences, stand-alone subprograms, and packages. Though,

Is null operator-comparison operators, IS NULL Operator The IS NULL oper...

IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU

Oracle 9i features, Bitmap Join Indexes - This feature will increase th...

Bitmap Join Indexes - This feature will increase the performance and detains the size and format of your databases in data Character Semantics and Globalization -This featur

Oracle 10g new features and differences , Oracle 10G new features:- Au...

Oracle 10G new features:- Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor System Advancements - these methods will provides several methods for extracting reports through the Automatic

Providing results of queries, Providing Results of Queries Expressing ...

Providing Results of Queries Expressing queries in SQL is the (big) subject. Here I present just a simple example to give you the flavour of things to come in those chapters.

Special cases of projection, Special cases of projection This section ...

Special cases of projection This section describes the identity projection, r {ALL BUT}, and the projection on no attributes, r { }, which yields TABLE_DUM when r is empty, ot

Mysql developer/programmer, Project Description: I want somebody who can...

Project Description: I want somebody who can help me with an idea that I have been working on for a few months now. The person will require extensive knowledge of warcraft 3 PvP

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd