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What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses?
Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses.
Define the concept of aggregation. Give two examples where this concept is useful. Ans: Aggregation transforms a relationship among the objects into a higher-level object. A
Define various ways in which SELECT statement can be used for record selection Technology? SELECT gives you control over a number of aspects for record retrieval: 1) Which
State the definition of association An association is a structural relationship which specifies that objects of one thing are connected with objects of another. In UML, asso
There are three main sources of utilities and applications for a DBMS: a. Vendor applications and utilities are given for working with or maintaining the database, and generally
Define reference file
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
Explain trivial dependency? Functional dependency of the form α ->β. is trivial if α C β. Trivial functional dependencies are satisfied by all the relations.
Lost Updates : Suppose the two transactions T3 and T4 run simultaneously and they happen to be interleaved in the following way (suppose the initial value of X as 10000):
The need for three level architecture The aim of the three level architecture is to divide each user's view of the database from the way the database is physically shown.
Question: This Question refers to the database schema given in the Appendix. (a) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. Discuss what should happen on a
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