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Question:
a) Describe five advantages of LED lighting over conventional incandescent lighting.
b) State two impairments that reduces the radiant flux of a surface-emitting LED. Illustrate one way how any one of these impairments may be addressed?
c) Illustrate how white light can be generated using a blue Gallium Nitride (GaN) LED.
d) Find the composition of the quaternary alloy In1-xGaxAsyP1-y for making semiconductor LEDs operating at 1.27μm. The bandgap energy Eg of the quartenary alloy in eV is then given by the empirical relationship Eg = 1.35 - 0.72y + 0.12y2 where y=2.2x. e) Given a particular Gallium Nitride (GaN) Edge-emitting LED drawing a current 50 mA when the voltage is 1.5 V and operating at 450 nm wavelength with light power of 5 µW coupled with a 9 µm single-mode fibre.
i) What is the colour of the light emitted from the LED? ii) Calculate the overall efficiency of the LED. iii) Calculate its internal quantum efficiency given that Tr = 50ns and Tnr = 70 ns. iv) Hence, calculate the internal optical power generated by the LED.
Energy Conservation Building Codes It encompass the norms and standards of energy consumption expressed in terms of per square meter of the area wherein energy is used. The
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Q. Let v(t) = V max cos ωt be applied to (a) a pure resistor, (b) a pure capacitor (with zero initial capacitor voltage, and (c) a pure inductor (with zero initial inductor curren
find the output Y in the circuit
when i/p voltg is grater than battery diode is clse or open
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Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Switching mode power supply converts an unregulated DC voltage to a regulated DC output voltage . SMPS stands for switched mode power
For the circuit of Fig: (i) using Kirchoff's Laws , find all the currents (ii) determine the voltage across each resistor and check that all loops comply with KVL (iii
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