Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
What is risk factor interaction ?
Coronary artery disease, as has been explained, is a multifactorial disease with diverse risk factors coming together and interacting to produce the pathological changes. The presence of a number of risk factors in a single individual increases the risk many times. Studies such as the Framingham and the MRFIT have clearly shown that the coexistence of multiple risk factors confers a magnified risk which is multiplicative rather than additive. It means that the various risk factors work synergistically to increase the coronary risk and mortality in an exponential manner. A smoker with modest elevations of cholesterol and blood pressure is at greater risk of coronary death than a non-smoker with severe Hypertension or marked hypercholesterolemia. A single risk factor is not sufficiently sensitive to identify all individuals at high risk of coronary artery disease. The bulk of CAD occur in individuals with only moderate elevations of a number of risk factors rather than in those who lie at the upper end of a single risk factor.
Figure: Multiplicative effect of risk factors
The above picture gives us an idea about the multiplicative effect of various risk factors. The estimated 10 yeas coronary risk show11 here is based on six risk factors - blood pressure, total cholesterol ( TC), HDL cholesterol, diabetes, smoking and presence of ventricular enlargement. As can be seen, the 10 year risk in those without any of the risk factors is less than 10 per cent. II increases to 20 percent when the systematic BP rises to 160 mm Hg and TC becomes 260 mg/dl. The risk increases further to 30 per cent in presence of additional risk factors like diabetes and low HDL cholesterol. Cigarette smoking increases the risk further to 40 per cent whereas ill presence of cardiac enlargement rises steeply to about 60 per cent. This is an important principle Lo remember for preventive measures, because the benefit obtained by improving all the risk factors together, even marginally, is definitely larger than that of strictly controlling a single factor and not addressing the other ones. The demonstration of such multiplicative risk has given rise to the concept of "comprehensive Cardio-vascular risk" or "total risk", estimating the individual's overall risk of developing Cardio-vascular disease resulting front the consortium of factors. This is particularly relevant in the Indian context because of the clustering of risk factors among ethnic Indians.
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
CIRCUL A T O R Y SYSTEM IN COCKROACH Type is open or lacunar. i.e. b.v. absent. Organs are dipped in haemolymph. 1 . HAEMOLYMPH - Blood and lymph are mixed.
What is the antagonism between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic neural actions? In general the actions of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic are antagonistic, i.e.,
For homework, I had to prove that a certain catalyst was a protein, then tell how I would purify the protein, then tell how I would clone a human chromosomal region that contains t
Which of the following require ATP? The movement of potassium from the outside of the neuron to the inside? The movement of sodium into the neuron through a chemically gated
Benefits of diet modification are: 1) Control of sugar. 2) Control of weight. 3) Control of blood pressure. 4) Control of lipid profile. 5) Good health and well bei
Obesity a health hazard: The factors of obesity are complex. Obesity is due to over eating and excess of energy intake. The obese child when grows up will be a target
Quick transient responses - Behaviour of Plants Such responses are stimulated by factors showing significant variations over relatively small time period e.g., those showing w
Darwin while evolving the concept of natural selection laid emphasis on competition among individuals belonging to a species, that is intraspecific competition. Here the individual
STRATEGY FOR ASSIGNMENT
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd