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What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL?
The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a relational table. Consider there is a relation:
Person(id, name, address, phone)Now to search ids and names of person who do not have a phone is: Select id, name from Person where phone is null
Insertion Anomaly: Inability to show certain information-The primary key of the over relation be (enrolment number, Cno). Any new tuple to be inserted in the relation should have
While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field False.
Soccer player ER Diagram to Relational database schema
Define- relational algebra. The relational algebra is a procedural query language. It having of a set of operations that take one or two relation as input and make a new relati
Sequential File Organisation The most necessary way to organise the collection of records in a file is to use sequential Organisation. Records of the file are stored in series
Why 'AS' clause is used in SQL ? 'As' clause is used for Rename operation. ‘AS' clause is used in SQL for rename operation. (e.g., SELECT ENO AS EMPLOYEE_NO FROM EMP)
A Relation Schema represented by R(A1, A2, ..., An) is made up of the relation name the list of attributes and R Ai that it contains. A relation is described as a set of tuples
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
Explain the Role of a database administrator a. Defining the Schema The DBA describes the schema which consists of the structure of the data in the application. The DBA
explain in detail about crash recovery
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