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What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL?
The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a relational table. Consider there is a relation:
Person(id, name, address, phone)Now to search ids and names of person who do not have a phone is: Select id, name from Person where phone is null
Question 1 List and explain various Normal Forms. How BCNF differs from the Third Normal Form and 4th Normal forms? Question 2 Describe the concepts of Structural Semantic Da
Two Phase Locking (2PL) The two-phase locking protocol having of two phases: Phase 1 : The lock acquisition phase : If a transaction T needs to read an object, it wants to
write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
Consider the subsequent relation schemes: Project (Project#, Project_name, chief_architect) Employee (Emp#, Empname) Assigned_To (Project#, Emp#) Give expression i
Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key The Employee Relation satisfies - First normal form - As it has no repeating groups. Second normal form - As it do not have multi-a
(1) Insert into PERSON Violated constraint: - Key constraint Reason: - Primary key 1 already exists in PERSON. Dealing: - DBMS could ask the user to provide valid PER
Explain the Cartesian product: The Cartesian product operation does not need relations to union-compatible. The meaning of this is that the involved relations may have dissim
What is a shadow copy scheme? It is simple, but efficient, scheme known as the shadow copy schemes. It is based on making copies of the database called shadow copies that singl
What is it ?
what are the purposes of dbms in details
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