Problem:

i) What is meant by ‘own' price elasticity of demand? What factors are likely to affect the size of this elasticity?

ii) A publicly owned bus line is running at a loss. It is suggested that the loss can be reduced by changing the price of the bus rides. Explain why whether the demand for bus rides is elastic or inelastic may affect whether the appropriate change in price is a price increase or a price decrease.

iii) The very existence of market failure suggests government intervention and provision. Discuss.